Bruxism is the parafunctional habit of grinding or clenching the teeth, an involuntary, rhythmic, and spasmodic movement of the lower jaw and the muscles that control it, occurring in positions and movements outside of normal chewing function. This can happen during the day and/or at night. Often, patients are unaware that they grind or clench their teeth while sleeping.

The exact cause of bruxism is not fully understood. However, stress appears to be the main triggering factor, making bruxism a very common and modern-day problem. In addition, bruxism may be associated with dental occlusion issues, orthodontic problems, and it often occurs in the context of sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea.

How can we tell if we have bruxism? The key questions to ask are

1. Has anyone ever heard you grinding your teeth? Have you ever noticed it yourself?
2. When you wake up in the morning, do you feel your jaw muscles tight or tired? Are your teeth or gums sensitive upon waking? Do you have a headache when you wake up in the morning?
3. Have you noticed yourself grinding your teeth during the day?
4. Have you noticed yourself clenching your teeth during the day?

What are the consequences of bruxism?

A patient who forcefully clenches or grinds their teeth, whether during sleep or throughout the day, also faces the consequences of bruxism in the mouth, such as:

• Tooth wear and abrasion
• Erosion in the cervical area of the teeth
• Fractures of teeth, fillings, or prosthetic restorations
• Tooth mobility
• Increased tooth pain or sensitivity

Treatment of Bruxism

Unfortunately, we cannot speak of a definitive treatment for bruxism, as the exact causes leading to its occurrence are not fully understood. However, we can discuss ways to manage and reduce the condition, such as:

  – Bruxism splint. This is a hard acrylic appliance (mouthguard) placed on the upper teeth. Its use reduces muscle activity and protects the teeth.

​  – Stress and anxiety management.

  – Reduction of caffeine intake.

  – Avoidance of alcohol consumption.